Tyerss Convict Return for 1844 shows that convict labour was an integral part of the squatter economy. He has attached his own assertions to his source material without distinguishing between them, and these assertions are made without proof or explanation. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. The return did not include ex-convicts.[28]. 0000885516 00000 n Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. Gardner concludes that McMillan's group initially killed two family groups at Warrigal Creek waterhole and then a few days later killed another 60 people at the mouth of Warrigal Creek, then killing three other groups at Freshwater Creek, Gammon Creek, and Red Hill. [25], Tyers noted that the Kurnai were geographically isolated from all of the neighbouring Aboriginal tribes, none of whom could understand their language, and From this circumstance, the Chief Protector [Robinson] on his visit to Gipps Land last year, was unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with them. The isolation from the other tribes meant that their fierce and predatory habits have received no check.[26]. Thu GLaWAC has been given permission to screen the Warrigal Creek Massacre film at our office at Forestec. 2151 % According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. The statistical discrepancies likely emerged because Macmillan's group killed Aboriginal people at five different locations in the area. Please call Drouin Library for more information 56 251564. Light refreshments will be available. Convicts were present in the early years of settlement in Gippsland in two very different ways: first, as the slave labour of the squatters, and second, as escapees congregated around Alberton. 2 0 obj Balderstones daughter Alice Irving calls the site a powerful place. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. Please try again. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa 5oA/P;uv!MU~86>>iBTju?#Ghnudlnr\;u?pIyo%# if+;J6fLA,4lMMhn]Zrg b_tr>b$3]wG4?mdw # 7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. 0000034127 00000 n [11] The violent response from the Kurnai was the same as that meted out to their tribal enemies when defending their territory. 0000034566 00000 n He was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, who published an account of their journey, which is also well known. His words continue to have influence and have provided a convenient but misplaced source of outrageand how does the community benefit from having negative sentiments engendered on a false premise? Part III: Other Versions of the Massacre Story. Please note and use or adapt the following words. One man was killed with thirteen spears, his body was mutilated, and his arms and legs were removedthe Kurnai were cannibals. 0000002903 00000 n 0000030698 00000 n This article has been rated as Low-importance on the . One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. 0000007199 00000 n [48] Thomas (right) recorded a conversation with a man named Hatcher who Gardner believes was the brother-in-law of a Gippsland squatter named Buntine. [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. [60] Dunderdales geography was correct and it is just possible he knew who he was referring to, given that he arrived in the district just twenty-six years after the event he describedwell within living memory. 'Conspiracy of silence': how sabotaged inquiries fed massacre denials, Telling the truth about Australia's past will be painful but it will be liberating | Karen Mundine and Richard Weston, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. 0000117691 00000 n the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. Click here to subscribe. 0001064309 00000 n [8], Michael Connor: The Massacre Maps shoddy research, In order to export livestock, the squatters needed a port and grazing land in Gippsland, as it was the closest part of the mainland to Van Diemens Land. 0000024533 00000 n When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. This essay appears in Decembers Quadrant. 0000116989 00000 n Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. MAR The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. *OAQg( n}wWdcKuYl7nfTTYP0|8o6rlBUb[O>03v-Jg1]sng~f5!M .]e?n? He was shot through the foot and was so injured that he was called Club Foot.[39]. Second, Gardners narrative is based on the assertion that the massacre and Angus McMillan are synonymous, but he has produced no evidence whatsoever to implicate McMillan. endobj At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. [2] His work has indeed permeated academic and public discourse, but it contains many unproven assertions that undermine his main premise, that McMillan was responsible for the massacre. 0000003041 00000 n 0000117321 00000 n He calls them The McMillan Massacres. true /ColorSpace 25 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 26 0 R /BitsPerComponent To implicate McMillan, Gardner imputed words and meaning into this story that are simply not there, rendering his narrative both perplexing and questionable. [11] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2, [13] Port Phillip Patriot 23 December 1841, p. 3, [15] Fels, Marie Hansen (2010) I Succeeded Once: The Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula 1839-1840 , ANU E-Press, pp 249-271, [16] See also: George Henry Haydon (1846) Five Years Experience in Australia Felix pp151-152 (on-line edition), [17] Port Phillip Gazette 30 April 1845 p.2, [18] Gardner, P D (2005) The Myth of Tribal Warfare On-line essay, [20] Geelong Advertiser 5 August 1843, p.2, [21] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2. In a letter to his family in England dated April 1846, the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick said: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. A trip to Gipps Land in April 1843 The Courier 23 June 1843, p.4, [8] Caldow, W (2012) Gippsland and the Van Diemens Land Livestock Trade: The Log of the Dew Drop 1847-49, The Great Circle, Vol 34, No. xref 0000024227 00000 n Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. If the problem persists contact Customer Support. hbbbd`b`` K Searching for information on frontier conflict in old newspapers (film or hard copy) was the proverbial "needle in a haystack" task - time consuming and exhausting with few . To discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was in Gippsland before 1848. >> If you would like to participate, visit the project page. Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. We wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. a federal electorate was renamed that year. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. It was well-acknowledged and put on the register of the national estate around the time., The house was built 20 years after the massacre and stands just 20 metres from the site. Events.com has to offer. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres south of Sale, and 200 kilometres east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. Power your marketing strategy with perfectly branded videos to drive better ROI. News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. There were further reports of violence involving the Kurnai in April 1844 when the Sydney Morning Herald printed a letter from a Gippsland squatter: The blacks are still continuing their outragesburning huts, robbing peoples gardens, and slaughtering cattle by wholesale. [52] There could not have been a cover-up if human remains were still visible after their arrivals. lizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. 0001000963 00000 n He added that one of the Kurnai involved in the murder survived and often re-enacted his part in the ambush. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". [13], The squatting runs were large tracts of unfenced landMacalister had 100 square mileswhere livestock was left in charge of shepherds and hut keepers whose job it was to tend the livestock and prevent it from straying. [40] Otherwise, he has no involvement in the story. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. There were simple economic facts that led to this. endstream Continue here for the tools you already love, but be sure to explore everything else Here are some resources for further research. Hoddinott said that more than 100 Aboriginal people were killed on that day. Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. 0000010708 00000 n The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. This documentary captures a story from Victoria, however there were similar stories as the waves of colonisation swept across the country. [12] The first reported attack on the squatters came in 1841 when, it was said, 600 Kurnai attacked Macalisters run. The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. I learned a lot I had not previously known, and am still thinking about. The reference to Bundalaguah Swamp has previously escaped notice. However, the region was isolated from the rest of New South Wales by mountains, rivers, forests, swamps and the fierce reputation of the Kurnai. The official reports from Tyers to La Trobe from 1844 to 1845 thus describe the situation in Gippsland where the settlers were being attacked by the Kurnai and their stock was being killed. % 12 Light refreshments will be available. <<6C2049F009130640B9B98E7F057F832E>]/Prev 1164416/XRefStm 1766>> /Im4 20 0 R /Im1 8 0 R >> >> [32] Gardners work has been influential and generally unquestioned. Welcome to you all., Read Quadrant online or as a printed magazine Starting at $88.00 a year. 0000029696 00000 n Gardners work has hints of Marxist reductionism, where the Kurnai are portrayed as living in an Arcadian economy that was destroyed by the expansionary capitalism of the land-hungry squatters. x]xG)mIq$hpwwR+VKqPMps^63.ffv>Y ?hiO#'FZ@&.JGr4O,D5nHEK{GDs ,2fspcd88qpB[V,4~nfrpe8,$Y}i{rq]v9sl{3g &6mBRii&"0k2dZNPR5foHWJcJWLlel+_0d)[Vs[ ])[UJT+Wd41 They say they want to tell the story widely, and take down the monuments to McMillan the butcher of Gippsland. 0000020559 00000 n In his first notes [in the 1970s], he talks about the massacre and, from the beginning of my time here, no one ever kept a blanket over the story. Bells account is matter-of-fact and he did not name McMillan or any other person. No wild beast of the forest was ever hunted down with such unsparing perseverance as they are. 29 May 2018. Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. This changed with the arrival of Tyers, who told La Trobe: The run-away Convicts, and other bad characters with which the District was infested a few months ago have, I believe been nearly all driven out by the system of surveillance pursued by the Border Police, acting under my instructions.[29]. A documentary was made in 2018 and a federal electorate was renamed that year to remove the legacy of Angus McMillan, the alleged instigator, who is otherwise remembered as an explorer, squatter, MP and Protector of Aborigines. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. The other was a little older; he made his escape up the creek by swimming and diving. In March 1840, twenty Bunurong men from Westernport escaped the supervision of Assistant Protector William Thomas to undertake a raid into Gippsland. 0000002765 00000 n I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. 0000010851 00000 n McMillan made the first export of livestock to Van Diemens Land in 1842 and the trade continued until 1868 when it was halted by a tariff war between Victoria and Tasmania. Sell more tickets through digital marketing. According to Dunderdale, Donald Macalister fired at some Kurnai without any provocation. 2020, Cnr. The attack on the Brataualung people camped at Warrigal Creek was one of several incidents resulting in loss of life among the Gunai Kurnai people. [45] Hoddinotts tale thus appears to contain generic elements from the period. [51] The latters wife, Lavinia, published a well-known account of their journey. This 50-minute documentary directed by Lisa Gye and Andrew Dodd examines a day in 1843 when 150 Indigenous men, women and children were slaughtered on the banks of what is now Warrigal Creek in Gippsland. At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. 0000115891 00000 n People need to feel that their voices and stories are heard and we need to listen with humility because theres not just emotional hurt there, but also terrible physical pain, Irving says. Shepherds worked in pairs, armed, as if in an enemys country, to resist them; and it was 1843 that ended by wholesale destruction, the massacres at Warrigal Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp, where only one aboriginal was left to tell the story of how they died and the history of his race.[61]. [1], The estimates of numbers of deaths vary: some historical accounts say that 60 people were killed,[citation needed] while other sources suggest that up to 150 people may have been killed. We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the land on which we meet and work. Dunderdale states: Lachlan Macalister had a long experience in dealing with blackfellows and bushrangers; he had been a captain in the army and an officer of the border police. 0000001766 00000 n In July 1844 he wrote, I regret however to observe that the depredations of the Aborigines continue and that the small police force at my disposal is inadequate to put a stop to them. He went on to describe how the natives have been very troublesome, killing 90 head of cattle belonging to Mr Sparks, at various times, and many belonging to Mr Jones. Fawkner blamed them for most of the conflict between the Europeans and the Aborigines. Bookings free, but essential. 0000024560 00000 n Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. Inspire employees with compelling live and on-demand video experiences. Film Screening The Warrigal Creek Massacre This country has a hidden history that is not widely acknowledged. Elizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. This is an opportunity to look back, acknowledge events and move forward together as Australians, united though the country on which we all live and a better understanding of our nations history. Thats not to say they dont exist, but if you have knowledge of such I would be grateful to know it. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. hb``0c`` `01$Q3(f`faPS``e` 0=!E Clq.~Jg` `d``A h! Hatcher appears to suggest that there was a massacre at Bruthen Creek; Gardner has either ignored or failed to grasp this to make the account fit his Warrigal Creek narrative. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. Gunaikurnai people continue to visit the land to pay their respects. 0000000016 00000 n Historical. e8 m-T>6R'WrqPWUVe)0'Yn1UF]2|SOWS)^h|6xy. I asked him if he was not afraid of meeting the Blacks, his reply was, Blks Sir no fear of them now they would run away as soon as they see a white man but there are not many left, he said he had a Brother who had been in Gippsland from the first his name was Bunton & kept a Public house in Gippsland by the Dirty Water Holes & a cattle station joining to Mr. McAllister who was killed, that after Mr. McAllisters murder great slaughter of the blacks took place and that on his brothers station a cart load of Blks bones might be gath.rd up [49]. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging. stream [citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. [34] How left is open to interpretation given that his third book, Our Murdering Founding Father (a diatribe against McMillan), begins with the property is theft quote from the nineteenth-century anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. The newspapers indicate that the murder was not an isolated event and occurred within a wider context of anarchy and violence involving the Kurnai and the convicts. @7k_|F_j}t'J'fu_}"Y5Xgx{ps:KQb#wOQ:/[]6Hy Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. 0001021671 00000 n In other words, by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived in Gippsland at exactly the same time. My late husbands family had owned the property since the late 1880s and my father-in-law was a very passionate historian, she says. He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. 0001064425 00000 n On the 13th ultimo, Mr. Ronald McAlister was removing his sheep station about two miles from the settlement, when he was attacked by the blacks and murdered; his body was found the following day by a native in his employ. Our land of migrants, from the very first in their canoes or who even walked here. endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/PageLabels 2 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 93 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 94 0 obj [95 0 R 96 0 R] endobj 95 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[243.918 110.871 393.795 129.239]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 96 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[262.285 160.096 431.264 175.524]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 97 0 obj <> endobj 98 0 obj [/Indexed/DeviceCMYK 244 110 0 R] endobj 99 0 obj [/ICCBased 111 0 R] endobj 100 0 obj <>stream Learned a lot I had not previously known, and his arms and legs were removedthe were! On that day a powerful place an integral part of a cover-up if remains... 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