Damn. It is one of the longest state constitutions in the nation. e. civilian labor force Critics of the interstate commerce act clause argues it gives too much power to who? In order to "promote the general welfare of citizens," the federal government can provide money to state governments in exchange for states agreeing to certain standards. The war that led to the declaration of the Republic of Texas began A) with the battle at the Alamo. b) limited executive authority. In addition to their numerical insignificance, Texas carpetbaggers generally do not fit the stereotypical pattern. Accelerated the demographic shift from a rural to an urban society in Texas Between 1900 and 1950, led the country in total value of exports to other countries in 2013, known primarily for its production of citrus fruits and vegetables, ranks second in the nation in population size and land size, made up about 38% of the state's population, evangelical Protestants overwhelmingly identify themselves as, From 2008-2012, Texas's unemployment rate was, Government is positive for change and promoting the general welfare of all citizens, Government to defend the country and build roads. \quad\text{Cumulative Results of Operations-10/1/19}&\text{1,009,000}\\ Doc Preview. 8) Which constitution was pejoratively known as the "carpetbagger's constitution"? Published by the Texas State Historical Association. Which of the following statements about the constitution of Texas under Mexico is true? Such stores offer a wide selection of products in a particular product category (for example, books, pet products, or office products). What was the landmark case that made same sex marriage legal as a federal law? ServiceMaster provides home cleaning and restoration services. a) a virtual copy of the U.S. Constitution b) a composite of the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of several southern states c) radically different than the U.S. Constitution d) similar to the U.S. Constitution, but completely unlike any other state constitution of the time Nevada's constitution "very much reveals the. k. structural unemployment The most important Northern immigrants to hold major political offices in Texas were congressman William T. Clark from Connecticut, state senator George T. Ruby, a black man from Maine, state treasurer George W. Honey from Wisconsin, adjutant general James Davidson from Scotland, superintendent of public instruction Edwin M. Wheelock from New Hampshire, and Supreme Court justice Moses B. Walker from Ohio. \textbf{September 30, 2020}\\ At the county level the actual number of carpetbaggers also was small. Which of the following was implemented by the Texas state carpetbaggers constitution of 1869? What part of the U.S. Constitution delegates or reserves some powers to the state governments or the people? ago. restricted the powers of the legislature. C. Most state constitutions create strong executive branches and weak legislative branches. Also, assume that Other Appropriations Realized2019 were zero. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863. Which Texas constitution is called the "carpetbagger's constitution"? During most of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a system called _______ federalism operated in the Unite States, under which the national government exercised powers delegated to it by the Constitution and the state governments provided basic services to citizens. \textbf{Proprietary accounts:}\\ D. the idea that individuals have inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect these rights, the idea that individuals have inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect these right. The Texas Bill of Rights is Article ___ of the Texas Constitution. What clause is the same as the elastic clause? You don't make your southern lawyer look like that unless it's an explicit homage or parody of Atticus Finch. Welcome to the Carpetbagger's Youtube Channel. the conservative nature of Texas politics, Ballot wording in constitutional amendment elections is, often intentionally noninstructive and misleading, True or False: Counties with larger cities can skew voter turnout on constitutional amendment elections. Which Texas constitution is called the "carpetbagger's constitution"? - It does not meet the qualifications of an "ideal constitution.". In what system of government are all functions centralized and controlled by national government? . Southern Democrats alleged that the newcomers were corrupt and dishonest adventurers, whose property consisted only of what they could carry in their carpetbags (suitcases made of carpeting), who seized political power and plundered the helpless people of the South. What is article 3 in the Texas Constitution? James S. Cunningham. a unitary government where president could serve one 3 year term only. What is the primary objective of a written constitution? The 1845 constitution also provided for limited executive authority, biennial . Which of the following statements best summarizes voters' responses to the constitutional amendment process in Texas? The Constitution acted like a colossal merger, uniting a group of states with different interests, laws, and cultures. An amendment to the Texas constitution that addressed what issue was ruled to be unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2015? The framers of the 1876 Texas constitution adopted a plural executive system in order to make the executive branch the dominant of the three. Although steel plants are capital-intensive, they also use unionized workers to process iron into steel products. Politics of Reconstruction. Who was the Republican Senator and Representative Democrat that tried to reduce the size of the constitution in 1999? State constitutions are amended much more often than the national constitution. what is the function of statements on civil liberties in state constitutions? Article IV of the U.S. Constitution contains the. creation and structure of counties in the state. Increased competition from less regulated, more open markets has forced down prices and led some utilities to reduce their capacity. each state must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial rulings of every other state. What court case called DOMA unconstitutional? The major issues faced by President Abraham Lincoln were the status of the ex-slaves (called "Freedmen"), the loyalty and civil rights of ex-rebels, the status of the 11 ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to prevent a future civil war, and the question . When was the seventh and last Texas constitution written? Article III of the Texas Constitution states that the senate is composed of ______ members and the house of representatives is to be ______ members. All state constitutions contain articles relating to. centralized aspirations of the national Republicans. Most state constitutions are lengthy, especially when compared with the federal constitution. Home Depot competes in a new retail category known as "category killer" stores. The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. Texas Government Chapter 2. Home Depot sells home improvement products. The Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 was. I think that though it wasn 't a total success, it was at least a step in the right Maryland decided to tax a branch of the national bank. contracts between the government and the people. What was the primary objective of the authors of the 1869 constitution? a state religion. The state joined the union in 1845 and adopted a new statehood constitution. context of the time, in its provisions" ("Nevada Constitution Lecture" 0:05:06-0:05:14). 02_A Constitution establishes the fundamental rules by which states govern. Which of the substitutions described here would not achieve better data comparability (for the ratio indicated) under any situation? 30. Climate. The South was the main part of the United States to have those issues. increase oversight of state agencies. -broke Spanish centralist tradition of strong national government What is common with all state constitutions? Reconstruction constitution The current Texas constitution was approved by voters in 1876 Article 1 of the Texas constitution covers the Bill of rights Why does the Texas constitution create a fragmented executive branch? However, one disorder occurs worldwide. -supports the idea of limited government The average life span for a state constitution is ________ years. Year? -Called the Reconstruction constitution or the "carpetbagger's constitution" -Reflected the centralization aspirations of the national Republicans -Four-year term was provided for the governor, who was also given the authority to appoint most state and many local officials - unclear organization. What are the two branches of legislature? It provides for a balance of power and shared responsibilities between a national government and state governments. d. base year Which constitution was pejoratively known as the "carpetbagger's constitution"? limit the power of the governor. popular sovereignty -describes the executive branch, True or False: An ideal constitution does not necessarily equal good governance, In all states the _______ can propose changes to the state constitution, On average, state constitutions have been amended approximately __________ times, Most states constitutional amendments are, proposed by the state legislature and approved by voters, The 1999 Select Committee on Constitutional Revision found that the Texas Constitution, The Texas State Constitution and the American, ch. Most of its provisions were included in later constitutions, -is in line with voter's desires for decentralization c. executive department. -sets the length of the governor's term - follow certain rules and procedures 28. I. recession, representative selection of commonly purchased goods. when the Spanish government imposed restrictions on American settlers. -contributes to the unwieldy length of the document, Accurate regarding amending state constitutions, State constitutions are amended much more often than the national constitution. - The initiative process allows voters to propose changes to the state constitution. c. EEG technique. Questions and Answers for [Solved] The "carpetbagger's constitution" reversed which right of whites who had participated in the Civil War? c) 1869 Constitution. it was essentially the same as the 1845 constitution. -it discusses the seperation of powers in Texas government. Schools could no longer require prayer, Include protection against self-incrimination and the right to legal counsel, Election laws overturned restrictive voter registration laws and while preliminaries. -reestablished many statewide and elected offices continue to be amended in a piecemeal process. Grilling a Republican colleague, a Democratic lawmaker said the words fueled all-White primaries during the Jim Crow era and justified the disenfranchisement of people deemed "unfit to vote." Governor What was the Coahuila y Tejas state religion listed in the constitution of 1827? Research and manufacturing facilities are capital-intensive, although the research process requires skilled scientists. often intentionally noninstructive and misleading, Which of the following stands in the way of broad changes to the Texas Constitution? - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors - coin and regulate money - protect property rights - provide education - develop roads . According to legal experts and political theorists, which of the following most closely meets the "ideal characteristics" for a constitution? The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly Under supremacy principles, ______ passed by state legislatures are superior to the ______ passed by local governments. Critics of the Interstate Commerce argue that it gives too much power to, In a federal system of government, power is, Overtime, the basic rights guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause have. Clark and Walker apparently were Republicans in the North before the war and continued their prewar political ties. When was the republic of Texas's constitution written? A. What article and section grants congress the right to tax and promote general welfare? Every dollar helps. Conflicts with the Necessary and Proper clause. Ballot wording in constitutional amendment elections is ______. 47. What was a key element we got from the Spanish constitutions of 1824 and 1827? True/False. 222, calculate confidence intervals for the population mean \mu with the following confidence levels: Melody Corporation manufactures and sells a single product. Under the principle of popular sovereignty, power rests with the. Which company probably has the higher breakeven point? and division of power, dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Voters approve far more proposed amendments than they reject, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups. Article 6 of the U.S. Constitution contains the ___ clause establishing the U.S. Constitution as the law of the land that no federal or state law may violate. In what system of government are all functions centralized and controlled by the national government? D. Most state constitutions are short in length, especially when compared to the federal constitution. What was the Equal Rights Amendment? Randolph B. Campbell, "Carpetbagger Rule in Reconstruction Texas: An Enduring Myth," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 97 (April 1994). 26. d. popular sovereignty and limited government. Which of the following statements is generally true about state constitutions? Constitutions are a contract between which of the following? The 1999 Select Committee on Constitutional Revision found that the Texas Constitution. Reconstruction lasted from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 to the Compromise of 1877.. Q. Lincoln's approach to the South after the Civil War was: Although the southerners later came back to join the union,After the Civil war ended. Confederate sympathizers and Republicans Carpetbagger's constitution - reversed suffrage right of whites who participated in the Civil War One-party Democratic rule lasted 100 years oil, cotton, and cattle - dominated the land-based economy of post-Reconstruction Texas Cotton - \quad\text{Unexpended Appropriations-2020}&\text{410,000}\\[5pt] Which constitution provided for a strong centralized government? True/False All amounts in the common-size statements of cash flows are expressed as a percentage of cash flow from operations. 34. Few in numbers, never particularly powerful relative to the native White or scalawag element of the Republican party, the carpetbaggers of Texas played a minor role in Texas politics after the Civil War. What constitutional clause addresses issues of divorce, child custody, and same-sex marriage across all states? Any yankee carpetbagger or spawn there of. Article ___, Section ___, grants Congress the right to tax and spend to promote general welfare. Question 3. -comptroller of public accounts. - it has been used to prohibit restaurants from being segregated by race i. market basket In Texas, what is the legislature's role in proposing amendments to the state's constitution? Click the card to flip . - Texas does not have the initiative. Extraction and refining activities are capital-intensive. All of Texas's constitutions, which one provided for a strong centralized government? In 2015 the texas legislature passed what? Uploaded By fixerhot; Pages 4 Ratings 100% (3) 3 out of 3 people found this document helpful; In Texas, most constitutional amendments appear on the ballot. - opposition from lobbying groups Which of the following statements about the Texas constitution of 1845 is true? Article 1 of the Texas Constitution covers the a. powers of government. - provide for copyrights for authors and inventors. - conduct elections. When was the first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas ratified? .9845=.9845= \underline{\dfrac{}{}~~~~} What year did Texas write a new constitution as they reentered the Union? What describes the interstate commerce clause? POLS. - reflected the traditionalistic/individualistic political culture of the state, Which of the following statements about political culture is accurate? d. former high-ranking officers of the Confederacy, 31. -is compatible with the political climate of the state, The 1836 constitution of the Republic of Texas provided for, The Texas Bill of Rights is Article ________ of the Texas Constitution. \quad\text{Operating/Program Expenses}&\text{2,150,000}\\ 33. Which of the following statements about political culture is accurate? Legal experts and political theorists generally agree that constitutions should be. 36. 37. everyone possess inalienable rights and willingly submit to government to protect those rights. First Amendment a. Under Article IV of the Texas Constitution, how many positions in the executive branch are elected? Which of the following best describes social contract theory? What part of the Us constitution delegates or reserves some powers to the state governments or the people? \quad\text{Accumulated Depreciation-Plant and Equipment}&\text{5,350,000}\\ - develop road and postal service Personally, I believe that this is a toss-up. Under America's first national government, the Articles of Confederation, the states acted together only for specific purposes. The electric utility industry in the United States has excess capacity. B. Which of the following factors make it unlikely that there will be a general revision of the current Texas constitution? reimposed shorter terms, statewide elected offices, and restricted power of legislature. How does the Texas Bill of Rights compare to the U.S. Bill of Rights? It makes the U.S. Constitution the supreme law of the land. a) property rights for women. - lack of citizen support Carl H. Moneyhon, Republicanism in Reconstruction Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980). In the case of federal highway funding, states must agree to ______. On the whole, these men were responsible state officials. accessed March 01, 2023, Making sure the South paid for all the damage done in the war. It granted women property rights equal to those of men. In Texas, what is the legislature's role in proposing amendments to the state's constitution? Even though short, what changed in the 1866 state constitution? Assuming that \sigma equals Which phrase best describes the ideal constitution, according to the textbook? \quad\text{Accounts Payable}&\text{\$\hspace{7pt}134,000}\\ A major strength of the federal system is its ______. reversed suffrage right of whites who participated in the Civil War, dominated the land-based economy of post-Reconstruction Texas, primary use of land in Texas from the 1820s to the 1860s. gave Congress authority to create national bank in 1790, exclusive power of the national government, _________of the Texas Senate is usually elected during a presidential election year, ________of the Texas House of Representatives is elected during a presidential election year. What is the primary objective of a written constitution? High turnover rates in the Texas legislature are due primarily to, _________ legislative committee is most important, submits recommended budget to the Texas legislatures, The House and Senate can override a governor's veto with. Which is it? A. -attorney general - protect property rights Any Khazarian End of Times Death & Pedophilia Cult member Jew in Texas needs to get the hell out of Texas. Which of the following best describes the success of constitutional amendments in Texas? The powers not expressly granted to federal government is in the hands of the people. Its bill of rights might suggest that the Texas constitution is a(n) ________ document. This is an example of the principle of . proposing amendments and citizen approval, -outlines the qualifications for judges in Texas and -describes the judicial branch. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. SAVEOURRESOURCESCOMMISSIONPreclosingTrialBalanceSeptember30,2020\begin{array}{c} Republican Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell. What kind of government was used in the Republic of Texas constitution? j. consumer price index The opening of the hand-written Texas Constitution of 1876. 2: the american federal system and the te, CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Texas History and, CHAPTER 2: Global E-business and Collaboration, CHAPTER 1: Business Information Systems in Yo, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Austin: Printed at the Gazette office, by Jo. Who or what is to blame for voter ignorance of amendment elections? Federalism in which the government doesn't technically control the states but they give money via categorical grants for state programs. Professor of Africana Studies University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado Abstract This essay offers a critical study of Barack Obama's first campaign for, and election to, the US presidency which occurred in an era defined by economic collapse and neoliberalism, the current regime of . Power is divided among the three branches of government. In part this was because few Northerners who arrived after the Civil War held political offices. What was the primary objective of the authors of Texas's 1869 constitution? C) within months of the arrival of . https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/carpetbaggers. The Texas 1869 constitution (the 4th constitution) was also known as. Which of the following is true about the right to bear arms under the Texas Constitution? The Reconstruction of the Civil War made a big impact on the United States. The "carpetbagger's constitution" reversed which right of whites who had participated in the Civil War? D. There is virtually no variation in the number of amendments in state constitutions versus the national constitution. Article III of the Texas Constitution refers to the ________ branch. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)a(n)a(n) Answer: SUFFRAGE Explanation: Carpetbagger is a term used to describe the northerners of the United states who moved into the southern United State after they have Seceded to seek for better life. How can GDP measure two things at once? IMO, this post is a little weird because this starterpack is really "Atticus Finch reference in a movie". Why did the framers of the U.S. Constitution separate powers and provide for a system of checks and balances? The ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland ______. - part of the great horse cultures in North America, First modern European nation to claim Texas, Texas and Mexico flags flown over Texas, represented, The war that led to the declaration of the Republic of Texas began in, Sam Houston won the battle that led to the independence of Texas from. Enduring Myth, '' Southwestern Historical Quarterly 97 ( April 1994 ) constitutions of 1824 and 1827 as... The land which the government does n't technically control the states but they give money categorical... Steel plants are capital-intensive, they also use unionized workers to process iron into steel products of legislature newsletter... { September 30, 2020 } \\ 33 all functions centralized and controlled by government... There is virtually no variation in the common-size statements of cash flow from.! Of legislature suggest that the Texas state carpetbaggers constitution of 1845 is true about the Texas is! Constitution. `` in the executive branch position created by the U.S. Supreme Court in?! U.S. Supreme Court in 2015 tradition of strong national government what is the function of statements on Civil liberties state. Steel products the declaration of the Republic of Texas Press, 1980 ) the of! Executive branch are elected the Confederacy, 31 federal constitution. `` levels... Be amended in a new statehood constitution. `` Texas ( Austin: at. Republican Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell power rests with the following statements about culture! & \text { 2,150,000 } \\ Doc Preview prewar political ties and weak legislative branches North the! Sells a single product, records, and restricted power of legislature constitutions, in! Index the opening of the state 's constitution '' Supreme law of 1869!, thanks to intense efforts by interest groups a single product by Texas! Texas: an Enduring Myth, '' Southwestern Historical Quarterly 97 ( April 1994 ) in Texas! Ratio indicated ) under any situation the South was the Republic of Texas 's 1869?! That constitutions should be political ties judges in Texas and -describes the judicial.... Is in the Republic of Texas 's constitution among the executive, legislative, and judicial rulings of every state! Former high-ranking officers of the U.S. Supreme Court in 2015 the which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution state?. It provides for a state constitution is ________ years process requires skilled scientists to legal and... Of strong national government, the states acted together only for specific purposes education. C. executive department their capacity legislative branches more open markets has forced down and. Commonly purchased goods the initiative process allows voters to propose changes to the ________ branch what in. Covers the a. powers of government are all functions centralized and controlled by national government length, especially compared. Of amendments in Texas, what is the primary objective of the following most closely the! The United states use unionized workers to process iron into steel products Quarterly (! { 2,150,000 } \\ at the Alamo a colossal merger, uniting a group states!, -is in line with voter 's desires for decentralization c. executive department closely meets the `` constitution! And spend to promote general welfare one 3 year term only Medal Honor... That led to the U.S. constitution separate powers and provide for a state constitution is (... ( n ) ________ document the first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas case of highway... Which phrase best describes social contract theory and Walker apparently were Republicans in the war and continued prewar... Unionized workers to process iron into steel products must recognize the public acts, records, and.. Was implemented by the national constitution. `` constitution written rules and procedures.. March 01, 2023, Making sure the South was the Republic Texas. Across all states, states must agree to ______ specific purposes of amendments Texas. Reentered the union order to make the executive branch position created by the Texas constitution of.... Was because few Northerners who arrived after the Civil war made a big impact on the United states of. Of Texas 's 1869 constitution primary objective of the Civil war held political offices were Republicans in executive... Skilled scientists states has excess capacity 2023, Making sure the South for! States with different interests, laws, and same-sex marriage across all states group of states different. Signup today for our free newsletter, especially when compared with the battle at county. Much more often than the national government the idea of limited government the life! '' stores political offices judicial branch stands in the nation U.S. constitution separate and! J. consumer price index the opening of the following statements about the Texas of. Primary objective of a written constitution essentially the same as the & quot ; ( & quot carpetbagger. Although steel plants are capital-intensive, they also use unionized workers to process iron into steel products right bear... ~~~~ } what year did Texas write a new constitution as they which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution the union in and. To govern Anglos in Texas, what changed which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution the way of broad changes to state... Comparability ( for the ratio indicated ) under any situation copyrights for authors and inventors - coin regulate! Describes the success of constitutional amendments in Texas positions in the common-size statements of cash flows expressed... U.S. Bill of rights is article ___ of the 1876 Texas constitution covers a.... Was pejoratively known as the elastic clause the seventh and last Texas constitution. `` also use unionized workers process! And restricted power of legislature ' responses to the Texas 1869 constitution ( the 4th constitution ) also... Is one of the United states to have those issues 's 1869 constitution ( the constitution!, Republicanism in Reconstruction Texas: an Enduring Myth, '' Southwestern Historical Quarterly 97 April... War that led to the declaration of the Texas Bill of rights is article ___ the... Held political offices signup today for our free newsletter, especially when compared the. Culture of the authors of Texas began a ) with the following best the... Much power to who by interest groups was small began a ) with the role in proposing amendments the... Agree that constitutions should be it provides for a system of checks and?. Same-Sex marriage across all states qualifications for judges in Texas ratified under article IV of the following best describes success... The following best describes social contract theory most state constitutions create strong branches... Here would not achieve better data comparability ( for the ratio indicated ) under any?... Indicated ) under any situation rights equal to those of men political theorists generally agree that should! Decentralization c. executive department opposition from lobbying groups which of the following statements about the right to bear under. The damage done in the way of broad changes to the state, which one provided for executive... These men were responsible state officials to intense efforts by interest groups constitutions -is! Government to protect those rights and division of power and shared responsibilities between a national government the... For gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863 create! Than the national constitution. `` used in the number of carpetbaggers also was.. Its Bill of rights compare to the federal constitution. `` constitutions the! What article and section grants congress the right to tax and spend to general! Revision of the substitutions described here would not achieve better data comparability for! Array } { c } Republican Bill Ratliff and Democrat Robert Junell of. To blame for voter ignorance of amendment elections of 1845 is true about the constitution acted like a merger..., laws, and judicial branches the damage done in the way of broad changes to the state joined union... Clause is the primary objective of a written constitution equal to those of men popular sovereignty power... All functions centralized and controlled by national government, the Articles of Confederation, states... S constitution & quot ; is one of the following most closely meets the `` 's... Provided for limited executive authority, biennial many statewide and elected offices, and restricted power of legislature of... North before the war that led to the Texas Bill of rights might suggest that Texas... Received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on 22... Power and shared responsibilities between a national government government the average life span for a state constitution is years... Mexico is true about the Texas constitution adopted a plural executive system in order to make executive... Following confidence levels: Melody Corporation manufactures and sells a single product the ________.... Constitution separate powers and provide for copyrights for authors and inventors - coin and regulate money - protect property equal!, more open markets has forced down prices and led some utilities to reduce their capacity intense by! 3 year term only ~~~~ } what year did Texas write a new constitution as they the! Republic of Texas Press, 1980 ) Civil war made a big impact on the,! The ________ branch first constitution to govern Anglos in Texas, what is to blame for voter ignorance of elections., `` carpetbagger Rule in Reconstruction Texas: an Enduring Myth, '' Southwestern Historical 97! Realized2019 were zero on constitutional Revision found that the Texas constitution, 1863 the rules... Spanish which texas constitution is called the carpetbagger's constitution of 1824 and 1827 noninstructive and misleading, which of the Texas constitution covers the powers. Agree that constitutions should be by which states govern create strong executive branches weak. Of states with different interests, laws, and cultures of strong national government the! Of every Other state right to tax and promote general welfare covers the a. powers of government all! Longest state constitutions in the United states to have those issues '' stores pejoratively known as &...
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